Image Interpretation: Disruption of the proximal aspect of the patellar tendon, consistent with full-thickness patellar tendon rupture. The fat pad can be seen in a more superfician position than expected due to the defect in the tendon. There are also hyperechoic areas within the fat pad, suggestive of fibrosis.
Teaching Pearl: Ultrasound can be used at the point of care to diagnose large tendon tears, including proximal patellar tendon rupture. Findings include disruption of tendon fibers near the inferior patellar pole, fluid or hematoma in the defect, loss of normal tendon tension, and possible superficial displacement of Hoffa's fat pad.
It's important to scan the full tendon width in both long and short axis to confirm continuity and define tear extent. Complete rupture or compromise of the extensor mechanism on physiscal exam should prompt urgent orthopedic referral.
References:
1. Billone LM, Allred SJ, Flores DV. US of acute tendon tears. Radiographics. 2024;44(12):e240060. doi:10.1148/rg.240060
2. McMahon CJ, Ramappa A, Lee K. The extensor mechanism: imaging and intervention. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 2017;21(2):89-101. doi:10.1055/s-0037-1599207
3. Brinkman JC, Reeson E, Chhabra A. Acute patellar tendon ruptures: an update on management. J Am Acad Orthop Surg Glob Res Rev. 2024;8(4). doi:10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-24-00060